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Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...

Colors and Magnetism

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

Published on: October 5, 2013

Antiferromagnetic ordering in Sr2CrO4.

Malika Rani¹, Hiroya Sakurai, Susumu Okubo

¹National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal

|May 11, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The magnetic ground state of Sr2CrO4 exhibits antiferromagnetic ordering below 3.2 K, contrary to previous assumptions of a spin-singlet state. This study reveals new magnetic properties of this material.

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Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

Published on: October 5, 2013

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe₁₊_YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

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Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

Published on: October 9, 2012

Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Magnetism

Background:

Sr2CrO4 possesses a distorted honeycomb lattice structure.
The magnetic ground state of Sr2CrO4 was previously believed to be a spin-singlet state.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the magnetic ground state of Sr2CrO4.
To clarify the magnetic ordering and properties of the material.

Main Methods:

Magnetic susceptibility measurements.
High-field magnetization process analysis.
Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy.

Main Results:

Antiferromagnetic ordering was clearly observed below a Néel temperature (TN) of 3.2 K.
A two-sublattice model with biaxial anisotropy successfully explained the observed ESR modes.
Plateau-like behavior and a sharp kink were identified in the magnetization curve.

Conclusions:

The magnetic ground state of Sr2CrO4 is antiferromagnetic, not a spin-singlet state as previously thought.
The magnetic properties are consistent with a two-sublattice model featuring biaxial anisotropy.
The observed magnetic phenomena provide new insights into the behavior of Sr2CrO4.