Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Repressed Memory01:16

Repressed Memory

Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function like a...
Retrieval01:12

Retrieval

Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
Recall involves accessing information without cues, such as during an essay test, where individuals must retrieve facts and concepts from memory unaided. Another example is remembering the name of a colleague...
False Memories01:18

False Memories

False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information with...
Impact of Schemas01:30

Impact of Schemas

Schemas are cognitive structures that provide a framework for interpreting and organizing social information. They help individuals navigate complex environments by offering expectations about people, events, and behaviors. Schemas influence attention, encoding, and retrieval processes, thereby shaping the entire trajectory of information processing in social contexts.Attention and Cognitive LoadDuring initial attention, schemas function as filters that prioritize schema-consistent information,...
Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evaluation of a New Paracingulate Sulcus Identification and Measurement Protocol.

Human brain mapping·2026
Same author

Universal rhythmic architecture uncovers two modes of neural dynamics.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Forgetting as a consequence of retrieval suppression: A meta-analytic review.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same author

The impact of lifestyle restrictions on memory in older adults.

PloS one·2026
Same author

State but not trait measures of vividness relate to memory accuracy.

Neuropsychologia·2026
Same author

Trans-synaptic molecular context of NMDA receptor nanodomains.

Nature communications·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

Intentional retrieval suppression can conceal guilty knowledge in ERP memory detection tests.

Zara M Bergström1, Michael C Anderson, Marie Buda

  • 1School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NP, UK. z.m.bergstrom@kent.ac.uk

Biological Psychology
|May 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals can intentionally suppress memory recall to conceal incriminating knowledge. This challenges the reliability of brain-based guilty knowledge tests used in legal settings, as neural evidence may be controllable.

Keywords:
Cognitive controlEpisodic retrievalEvent-Related PotentialsGuilty knowledgeMemory suppression

More Related Videos

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
07:26

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
08:53

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Published on: November 14, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
07:26

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
08:53

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Published on: November 14, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Forensic Psychology

Background:

  • Brain-activity markers are proposed for assessing criminal culpability.
  • These tests assume memory recall is involuntary and detectable via neural activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if retrieval suppression can conceal neural evidence of guilty knowledge.
  • To determine the impact of intentional memory control on brain-based detection methods.

Main Methods:

  • Examined Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) as a marker of memory.
  • Participants were instructed to intentionally suppress retrieval of incriminating memories.
  • Assessed changes in memory-related ERP effects under suppression motivation.

Main Results:

  • Motivated retrieval suppression significantly reduced memory-related ERP effects.
  • Concealing neural evidence of guilty knowledge was achievable.
  • Guilty individuals could potentially evade detection using this method.

Conclusions:

  • Brain measures of guilty knowledge may be intentionally controlled.
  • The findings limit the reliability and application of current guilty knowledge tests in legal contexts.
  • Intentional memory suppression poses a challenge to neuroscience-based legal evidence.