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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
07:45

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Published on: February 9, 2021

Update on oxalate crystal disease.

Elizabeth C Lorenz1, Clement J Michet, Dawn S Milliner

  • 1Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Current Rheumatology Reports
|May 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Oxalate arthropathy, a rare arthritis, stems from calcium oxalate crystal deposition. Early diagnosis of hyperoxaluria is key to managing this condition and preventing systemic oxalosis.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Rheumatology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Oxalate arthropathy is a rare arthritis caused by calcium oxalate crystal deposition in synovial fluid.
  • It is typically associated with primary (genetic) or secondary (GI malabsorption) hyperoxaluria.
  • Renal failure in hyperoxaluria leads to systemic oxalate accumulation (oxalosiss) affecting multiple organs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of considering hyperoxaluria in unexplained crystal deposition.
  • To discuss the clinical presentation and management of oxalate arthropathy and oxalosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of oxalate arthropathy and hyperoxaluria.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and pathogenic mechanisms.
  • Discussion of diagnostic considerations and treatment strategies.

More Related Videos

Syntheses, Crystallization, and Spectroscopic Characterization of 3,5-Lutidine N-Oxide Dehydrate
06:18

Syntheses, Crystallization, and Spectroscopic Characterization of 3,5-Lutidine N-Oxide Dehydrate

Published on: April 24, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
07:45

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Published on: February 9, 2021

Syntheses, Crystallization, and Spectroscopic Characterization of 3,5-Lutidine N-Oxide Dehydrate
06:18

Syntheses, Crystallization, and Spectroscopic Characterization of 3,5-Lutidine N-Oxide Dehydrate

Published on: April 24, 2018

Main Results:

  • Oxalate arthropathy presents as arthritis due to crystal deposition.
  • Hyperoxaluria, leading to renal failure and oxalosis, is the underlying cause.
  • Unexplained soft tissue crystal deposition warrants investigation for hyperoxaluria.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis and management of hyperoxaluria are crucial for preventing severe complications like oxalosis.
  • Treatment focuses on managing the underlying hyperoxaluric condition and symptomatic relief of arthritis.
  • Prevention through control of oxalate levels is the most effective strategy.