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Design Example

The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...

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Efficient wavelength multiplexers based on asymmetric response filters.

Mark T Wade1, Miloš A Popović

  • 1Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. mark.wade@colorado.edu

Optics Express
|May 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary

We developed asymmetric frequency response filters for integrated photonic wavelength multiplexers. This approach significantly enhances channel packing density, improving performance for photonic interconnects.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Optical Engineering
  • Integrated Optics

Background:

  • Wavelength multiplexing is crucial for high-capacity optical communication.
  • Existing multiplexers face limitations in channel density due to filter response constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and theoretically analyze novel integrated photonic wavelength multiplexers.
  • To enhance channel packing density in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing serially cascaded channel add-drop filters with asymmetric frequency responses.
  • Applying coupled-mode theory and pole-zero design for filter engineering.
  • Evaluating implementations using coupled resonators, specifically second-order microring resonators.

Main Results:

  • Asymmetric filters provide optimal rejection of adjacent channels by leveraging through-port characteristics.
  • Demonstrated a 2.4x higher channel packing density compared to conventional maximally-flat designs.
  • Provided design formulas and broad guidelines for asymmetric passband structures.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed asymmetric filter approach offers superior channel density for integrated photonic multiplexers.
  • This technology is applicable to CMOS photonic interconnects, addressing sensitivity and constraint considerations.