Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene π orbitals.
Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error00:59

Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error

An experiment often consists of more than a single step. In this case, measurements at each step give rise to uncertainty. Because the measurements occur in successive steps, the uncertainty in one step necessarily contributes to that in the subsequent step. As we perform statistical analysis on these types of experiments, we must learn to account for the propagation of uncertainty from one step to the next. The propagation of uncertainty depends on the type of arithmetic operation performed on...
Probability in Statistics01:14

Probability in Statistics

Probability is the likelihood of an event occurring. The term event is defined as a collection of results of a procedure. An event is a simple event when an outcome cannot be divided into simpler parts.
An example of a simple event is a coin toss. The result of a coin toss is either a head or a tail. Here, head and tail are two simple events. These two simple events make up the sample space. Further, the probability of an event occurring falls within the range of 0 to 1. The probability of an...
Probability Laws01:49

Probability Laws

Overview
Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error01:10

Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error

The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this particular...
Probability Distributions01:32

Probability Distributions

The probability of a random variable x  is the likelihood of its occurrence. A probability distribution represents the probabilities of a random variable using a formula, graph, or table. There are two types of probability distribution– discrete probability distribution and continuous probability distribution.
A discrete probability distribution is a probability distribution of discrete random variables. It can be categorized into binomial probability distribution and Poisson probability...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Degrees, Levels, and Profiles of Contextuality.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Elementary methods provide more replicable results in microbial differential abundance analysis.

Briefings in bioinformatics·2025
Same author

Hidden variables, free choice, context-independence and all that.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2024
Same author

Quantum contextuality, causality and freedom of choice.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2024
Same author

Quantum Mechanics Is Compatible with Counterfactual Definiteness.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Contextuality with Disturbance and without: Neither Can Violate Substantive Requirements the Other Satisfies.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

All-possible-couplings approach to measuring probabilistic context.

Ehtibar N Dzhafarov1, Janne V Kujala

  • 1Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America. ehtibar@purdue.edu

Plos One
|May 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a mathematical framework to classify contextuality, exploring how inputs influence random outputs across diverse scientific fields. It quantifies contextual influences, revealing possibilities beyond classical and quantum mechanics.

More Related Videos

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Interdisciplinary research spanning behavioral sciences, biology, and quantum mechanics.
  • Focus on systems with random variables, direct influences, and contextual effects.

Background:

  • Classical kinetic theory and quantum mechanics exhibit distinct forms of physical determinism and contextuality.
  • Existing models do not encompass all logically possible types of contextuality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To mathematically construct and classify all logically possible contextual influences.
  • To explore systems exhibiting contextuality beyond classical and quantum paradigms.
  • To quantify and categorize different types of contextual influences.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of probabilistic couplings, specifically joint distributions of random outputs.
  • Examination of systems with mutually incompatible input values.
  • Mathematical modeling of contextual influences in diverse systems.

Main Results:

  • Identification of contextuality types that are special cases of classical, intermediate, and quantum-violating.
  • Demonstration of a unified framework for quantifying and classifying contextual influences.
  • Revealing a broader spectrum of contextuality than previously recognized.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive mathematical framework exists for understanding all forms of contextuality.
  • Contextual influences can be quantified and classified, extending beyond current physical theories.
  • This work provides tools for analyzing complex systems in various scientific domains.