The kinin-kallikrein system: physiological roles, pathophysiology and its relationship to cancer biomarkers
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Updated: May 11, 2026

Hydrogel Nanoparticle Harvesting of Plasma or Urine for Detecting Low Abundance Proteins
Published on: August 7, 2014
Elena Kashuba1, James Bailey, David Allsup
1Postgraduate Medical Institute, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
Abstract:
The kinin-kallikrein system (KKS) is an endogenous multiprotein cascade, the activation of which leads to triggering of the intrinsic coagulation pathway and enzymatic hydrolysis of kininogens with the consequent release of bradykinin-related peptides. This system plays a crucial role in inflammation, vasodilation, smooth muscle contraction, cardioprotection, vascular permeability, blood pressure control, coagulation and pain. In this review, we will outline the physiology and pathophysiology of the KKS and also highlight the association of this system with carcinogenesis and cancer progression.
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