Current developments and recent advances in musculoskeletal tumor imaging

The radiologic evaluation of musculoskeletal masses has changed dramatically within recent years. This article addresses the current developments and recent advances in musculoskeletal tumor imaging. We include new MR imaging techniques to better define anatomy, especially in difficult to image areas such as the chest wall and abdomen; the use of chemical shift imaging to separate hematopoietic marrow from pathologic marrow infiltration; as well as the use of diffusion and spectroscopy to help distinguish benign and malignant processes. We also briefly address dual-energy computed tomography and positron emission tomography imaging. Our intention is not to provide a comprehensive review of imaging techniques but to offer an update and perspective on current technology.