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RNA Structure

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...

RNA Structure

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...

RNA Structure

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...

pre-mRNA Processing

pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...

Pre-mRNA Processing

Pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Using High-throughput SHAPE

RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Using High-throughput SHAPE

Published on: May 31, 2013

5S rRNA: Structure and Function from Head to Toe.

Olga A Dontsova¹, Jonathan D Dinman

¹Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Building A, Room 608, Vorobievy Gory, Moscow, Russia;

International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS

|May 16, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study details how 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) connects ribosome centers. It acts as a crucial information transducer, coordinating ribosomal functions through structural and genetic insights.

Keywords:

5S Ribosome fidelity frameshifting rRNA translation virus

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Published on: May 24, 2017

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Using High-throughput SHAPE

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Published on: May 31, 2013

Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen

Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen

Published on: May 24, 2017

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Structural Biology
Genetics

Background:

The 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a key component of the ribosome, the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis.
Its unique position suggests a role in integrating signals between different ribosomal functional centers.
Previous research proposed 5S rRNA as a physical transducer, mediating communication and coordinating ribosome activity.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize existing structural and genetic data concerning 5S rRNA.
To develop a comprehensive model illustrating how 5S rRNA transmits information and coordinates ribosomal functions.
To elucidate the detailed mechanism of 5S rRNA's role in ribosome regulation.

Main Methods:

Integration of diverse structural data, including cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography.
Analysis of genetic studies and mutational data related to 5S rRNA.
Bioinformatic approaches to correlate structural features with functional observations.

Main Results:

Detailed mapping of 5S rRNA interactions with ribosomal proteins and other RNAs.
Identification of specific structural elements within 5S rRNA crucial for inter-center communication.
Correlation of genetic variations in 5S rRNA with altered ribosome function.

Conclusions:

5S rRNA serves as a central hub, physically linking and functionally coordinating the ribosome's diverse activities.
Structural and genetic evidence supports a model where 5S rRNA actively transmits regulatory information across the ribosome.
Understanding 5S rRNA's role provides insights into the intricate regulation of protein synthesis.