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Related Concept Videos

Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Point and Frameshift Mutations01:30

Point and Frameshift Mutations

Point mutations are genetic alterations involving the change of a single nucleotide base pair in DNA. Depending on how the alteration affects protein synthesis, they can lead to various consequences.Point mutations fall into the following types:Silent mutations occur when a nucleotide change does not alter the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the genetic code. For instance, changing ACC to ACA still encodes threonine, leaving the protein function unaffected. This occurs because...
Mutations01:39

Mutations

Overview
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...

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Related Experiment Video

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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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Published on: February 3, 2023

Helical ambivalency induced by point mutations.

Nicholus Bhattacharjee1, Parbati Biswas

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.

BMC Structural Biology
|May 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Point mutations in protein helices can alter their structure and function. Key factors influencing these conformational changes include residue type, solvent accessibility, and flanking sequence context, enabling de novo protein design.

Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Protein Engineering
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Amino acid mutations in proteins can significantly impact their structure and function.
  • Single point mutations can lead to peptides with identical sequences adopting different secondary structures.
  • The physico-chemical factors governing these conformational changes, particularly in helices, are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the factors influencing conformational changes in protein helices due to point mutations.
  • To understand how mutations affect helix stability and propensity to form non-helical structures.
  • To provide insights for designing novel proteins through targeted point mutations.

Main Methods:

  • Mapping mutated helical sequences to their non-helical counterparts in the Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database.

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Quantitation and Analysis of the Formation of HO-Endonuclease Stimulated Chromosomal Translocations by Single-Strand Annealing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Quantitation and Analysis of the Formation of HO-Endonuclease Stimulated Chromosomal Translocations by Single-Strand Annealing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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Tools to Study the Role of Architectural Protein HMGB1 in the Processing of Helix Distorting, Site-specific DNA Interstrand Crosslinks
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Quantitation and Analysis of the Formation of HO-Endonuclease Stimulated Chromosomal Translocations by Single-Strand Annealing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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  • Analyzing the impact of different amino acid mutations, including helix breakers and residues with intermediate propensity.
  • Assessing the role of solvent accessibility of residues at the mutation site and flanking sequences.

    • Main Results:

    • Short helices are particularly susceptible to transforming into non-helical conformations upon point mutation.
    • Mutations involving helix breakers strongly favor non-helical structures, while intermediate propensity residues show less preference.
    • Solvent accessibility of the mutated residue and the flanking sequences are critical determinants of conformational change.

    Conclusions:

    • Conformational changes from helical to non-helical states are primarily driven by the type and propensity of mutated residues.
    • Solvent accessibility at the mutation site and the environmental context of flanking sequences are key factors.
    • Findings can inform the rational design of de novo proteins by leveraging point mutations.