Oral Kaposi's sarcoma: a review and update

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Infectious Diseases
• Dermatology

Background:

• Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a neoplasm with four types, frequently involving the oral cavity, especially in AIDS-KS cases.
• Oral KS (OKS) can indicate undiagnosed HIV infection and is associated with disseminated disease, impacting diagnosis and treatment.
• OKS presents as plaques or tumors on the palate, gingiva, or tongue, ranging from asymptomatic to interfering with mastication.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the clinicopathologic features, diagnostic challenges, and management of oral Kaposi's sarcoma (OKS).
• To highlight the association of OKS with HIV infection and its implications.
• To discuss strategies for preventing post-transplant OKS.

Main Methods:

• Clinical and pathological review of oral Kaposi's sarcoma cases.
• Differential diagnosis considerations for OKS.
• Discussion of current and proposed management and prevention strategies.

Main Results:

• OKS is most common in AIDS-KS and can signal HIV infection.
• Clinical differentiation from other oral lesions is crucial.
• Management ranges from observation to chemotherapy, with immunosuppression modification posing risks.

Conclusions:

• OKS requires careful clinical distinction from other oral pathologies.
• Management strategies must consider KS type, staging, and patient factors.
• Preventive measures for post-transplant OKS include HHV-8 screening and early sirolimus use.