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Related Experiment Videos

Light levels, refractive development, and myopia--a speculative review.

Thomas T Norton¹, John T Siegwart

¹Department of Vision Sciences, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA. tnorton@uab.edu

Experimental Eye Research

|May 18, 2013

Summary

Spending time outdoors protects children from myopia. Mildly elevated light levels, like those outdoors, slow myopia development in animal models, suggesting light exposure is protective.

Keywords:

animal models dopamine form-deprivation myopia illuminance lens-induced myopia myopia refractive development

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Animal Models of Myopia
Retinal Physiology

Background:

Epidemiological studies suggest outdoor time is protective against myopia in children.
Animal models (chick, macaque, tree shrew) show elevated light levels slow myopia progression.
Low light levels can induce myopia in chicks.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a model explaining how ambient light levels influence refractive development and myopia.
To investigate the role of light exposure in myopia prevention.

Main Methods:

Review of epidemiological evidence in children.
Analysis of studies using animal models (chick, macaque, tree shrew) with varying light exposures.
Formulation of a theoretical model based on existing data.

Main Results:

Mildly elevated light levels, comparable to outdoor shade, inhibit form-deprivation and lens-induced myopia in animal models.
Low light conditions (50 lux) with a circadian cycle promote spontaneous myopia in chicks.
A continuum model is proposed where low light favors myopia, and elevated light is protective.

Conclusions:

Ambient illuminance levels significantly impact refractive development and myopia susceptibility.
Elevated light levels appear protective against myopia, potentially through retinal dopaminergic pathways.
Intrinsically-photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) may play a role in mediating these protective effects at higher light levels.