Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 11, 2026

Grafting of Beads into Developing Chicken Embryo Limbs to Identify Signal Transduction Pathways Affecting Gene Expression
Published on: January 17, 2016
Update on embryology of the upper limb
Mohammad M Al-Qattan1, Scott H Kozin
1Division of Plastic Surgery at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. moqattan@hotmail.com
This review covers upper limb development and patterning along its three axes. It also details the embryogenesis and pathogenesis of congenital hand anomalies.
Area of Science:
- Developmental biology
- Embryology
- Genetics
Background:
- The development of the human upper limb is a complex process.
- Understanding limb patterning is crucial for studying congenital anomalies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current concepts in upper limb development and patterning.
- To delineate the embryogenesis and pathogenesis of congenital hand anomalies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current concepts.
- Delineation of embryogenesis and pathogenetic basis.
Main Results:
- Detailed review of upper limb development stages.
- Explanation of limb patterning along anterior-posterior, dorsal-ventral, and proximal-distal axes.
- Delineation of the embryogenesis of various congenital hand anomalies.
Conclusions:
- Congenital hand anomalies arise from disruptions in normal limb embryogenesis.
- Understanding the pathogenetic basis is key to addressing these anomalies.
More Related Videos
08:08Chicken Recombinant Limbs Assay to Understand Morphogenesis, Patterning, and Early Steps in Cell Differentiation
Published on: January 12, 2022
08:04Application of Impermeable Barriers Combined with Candidate Factor Soaked Beads to Study Inductive Signals in the Chick
Published on: November 17, 2016
Related Concept Videos
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Arteries of the Upper Limbs