Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 11, 2026

Reverse Yeast Two-hybrid System to Identify Mammalian Nuclear Receptor Residues that Interact with Ligands and/or Antagonists
Published on: November 15, 2013
The liver x receptor in correlation with other nuclear receptors in spontaneous and recurrent abortions
Julia Knabl1, Aurelia Pestka, Rebecca Hüttenbrenner
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Campus Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany.
Abstract:
The liver X receptors (LXRs) have been shown to be crucially involved in maternal-fetal cholesterol transport and placentation. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression pattern and frequency of LXR under normal physiological circumstances and in spontaneous abortion and/or recurrent miscarriage. A total of 29 (12 physiologic pregnancies/10 spontaneous abortions/7 recurrent miscarriages) human pregnancies in first trimester were analysed for LXR expression. Expression changes were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for receptor and quantitative RT-PCR (TaqMan) was performed to determine the level of LXR mRNA expression. We also stained for RXR α and PPAR γ as possible heterodimers of LXR. LXR expression was downregulated in the syncytiotrophoblast of spontaneous abortion placentas compared to normal pregnancy. In recurrent miscarriage there was a trend for a downregulation. Decidua showed an even stronger downregulation in both groups. In the syncytiotrophoblast we found a positive correlation for the combination of LXR/PPAR γ in abortions and a negative correlation for LXR/RXR α . In addition, double-immunofluorescence staining showed that LXR as well as RXR α and PPAR γ are expressed by the extravillous trophoblast. Finally, RXR α and LXR showed coexpression in the same extravillous trophoblast cells. To conclude, our data show that LXR expression is decreased in miscarriage.
Related Concept Videos
Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
Cell Specific Gene Expression
Liver Regeneration
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are large...
Co-activators and Co-repressors
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response
