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Related Concept Videos

Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate01:27

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate

Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
The calcium concentration in blood plasma is primarily regulated...
Introduction to Electrolytes01:33

Introduction to Electrolytes

In humans, electrolytes play a vital role in various physiological processes. Balancing electrolyte levels is essential for normal body functions; their imbalance can be life-threatening. The major electrolytes include sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate. They are primarily involved in physiological processes, such as nerve signal transmission, membrane trafficking, muscle contraction, buffering body fluids, and balancing water levels in the body.
Role of Sodium
One...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
What is the Skeletal System?01:02

What is the Skeletal System?

Overview

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Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis
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Compounded PHOSPHO1/ALPL deficiencies reduce dentin mineralization.

M D McKee1, M C Yadav, B L Foster

  • 1Faculty of Dentistry, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC, Canada. marc.mckee@mcgill.ca

Journal of Dental Research
|May 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phosphatases like tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) and PHOSPHO1 are crucial for tooth mineralization. Their combined absence severely impacts dentin mineralization, highlighting non-redundant roles in this process.

Keywords:
extracellular matrixextracellular matrix proteinsmatrix vesiclesphosphatasetissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatasetooth

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2-Methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphorylcholine Polymer Treatment of Complete Dentures to Inhibit Denture Plaque Deposition
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2-Methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphorylcholine Polymer Treatment of Complete Dentures to Inhibit Denture Plaque Deposition
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Published on: December 26, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Developmental Biology
  • Mineralization Biology

Background:

  • Phosphatases play vital roles in bone and tooth mineralization, but their precise functions remain unclear.
  • Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) regulates extracellular pyrophosphate, essential for matrix mineralization.
  • PHOSPHO1 is localized in matrix vesicles and is critical for skeletal mineralization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of PHOSPHO1 and TNAP in dentin mineralization.
  • To characterize mineralization defects in teeth of mice lacking Phospho1 and/or Alpl.

Main Methods:

  • Radiography and micro-computed tomography for mineralization assessment.
  • Histology and transmission electron microscopy for ultrastructural analysis.
  • Analysis of Phospho1 knockout and compound Phospho1/Alpl knockout mouse models.

Main Results:

  • Phospho1 knockout mice exhibited incisor dentin mineralization abnormalities.
  • Compound Phospho1(-/-);Alpl(+/-) mice showed a near-complete absence of matrix vesicles and further reduced mineralization.
  • PHOSPHO1 and TNAP co-localized in odontoblasts during early dentinogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • PHOSPHO1 and TNAP play prominent, non-redundant roles in dentin mineralization.
  • Both phosphatases are essential for proper matrix vesicle formation and mineralization.
  • Understanding these roles is key to addressing mineralization defects.