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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol
19:32

Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol

Published on: February 18, 2012

Development of cortical microstructure in the preterm human brain.

Gareth Ball1, Latha Srinivasan, Paul Aljabar

  • 1Centre for the Developing Brain, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

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Associations between neonatal brain structure and neurodevelopmental outcomes following very preterm birth.

Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association·2026

Brain development in infants shows increasing complexity, but premature birth can hinder this maturation. Early brain microstructure development is vulnerable to the extrauterine environment, impacting cognitive function.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Cortical maturation is crucial for cognitive development.
  • Understanding the microstructural changes during infant brain development is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cortical maturation in infants using advanced MRI techniques.
  • To correlate microstructural development with neurodevelopmental outcomes and the effects of prematurity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized structural and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 65 infants (27-46 wk postconception).
  • Analyzed mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy using region of interest and whole-cortex mapping.
  • Correlated microstructural maturation rates with cortical growth and neurodevelopmental scores at 2 years.
Keywords:
DTIbrain developmentpreterm birth

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol
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Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol

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Main Results:

  • Cortical maturation involved increasing cellular/synaptic complexity and dendritic growth.
  • Mean diffusivity decreased, while fractional anisotropy declined until 38 wk postconception.
  • Premature exposure to the extrauterine environment dose-dependently reduced cortical microstructural development.
  • Preterm infants showed less mature cortex than term-born infants at corrected age.

Conclusions:

  • Infant cortical microstructural development is a dynamic process vulnerable to preterm birth.
  • Reduced microstructural maturation due to prematurity may underlie adverse cognitive outcomes.
  • Findings support the tension theory of cortical growth and highlight the impact of the extrauterine environment.