Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibody Structure and Classes01:25

Antibody Structure and Classes

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

Overview
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neutrophil regulation of immunotherapy for cancer is controlled by type II interferon.

Immunity·2026
Same author

Selective depletion of virus-specific CD8 T cells from the liver after PD-1 therapy with Fc-intact antibody during chronic infection.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Stabilized mosaic hemagglutinin immunogens as novel universal influenza virus vaccines.

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy·2026
Same author

Antibody-lectin chimeras for glyco-immune checkpoint blockade.

Nature biotechnology·2025
Same author

Asymmetrically glycosylated IgG1 antibodies are universal and drive human disease.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

LUBAC modulates CBM complex functions downstream of TRAF6 in T cells.

Nature communications·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
06:15

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: September 7, 2018

General mechanism for modulating immunoglobulin effector function.

Peter Sondermann1, Andrew Pincetic, Jad Maamary

  • 1SuppreMol GmbH, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Antibody sialylation regulates immune responses by altering Fc fragment structure, shifting between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory states. This mechanism, targeted by pathogens, offers therapeutic targets for autoimmune and allergic diseases.

Keywords:
conformational changesialylated IgG Fc

More Related Videos

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
13:55

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

Published on: February 3, 2013

Unraveling Key Players of Humoral Immunity: Advanced and Optimized Lymphocyte Isolation Protocol from Murine Peyer's Patches
08:25

Unraveling Key Players of Humoral Immunity: Advanced and Optimized Lymphocyte Isolation Protocol from Murine Peyer's Patches

Published on: November 21, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
06:15

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: September 7, 2018

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
13:55

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

Published on: February 3, 2013

Unraveling Key Players of Humoral Immunity: Advanced and Optimized Lymphocyte Isolation Protocol from Murine Peyer's Patches
08:25

Unraveling Key Players of Humoral Immunity: Advanced and Optimized Lymphocyte Isolation Protocol from Murine Peyer's Patches

Published on: November 21, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Structural Biology
  • Glycobiology

Background:

  • Immunoglobulins (antibodies) mediate pathogen clearance via Fc-receptor interactions.
  • Fc-linked glycans modulate antibody effector functions and inflammation.
  • Dysregulated inflammation contributes to autoimmune and allergic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural and functional impact of Fc-linked glycan sialylation on immunoglobulin G (IgG) activity.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which sialylation modulates Fc-receptor binding and cellular activation.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting this regulatory mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Structural analysis of sialylated IgG Fc fragments.
  • Biochemical assays to measure Fc-receptor binding affinities.
  • Functional assays assessing cellular activation.
  • Computational modeling to propose a conformational change mechanism.

Main Results:

  • Sialylation of IgG Fc-linked glycans significantly alters the Cγ2 domain structure.
  • Sialylation reduces affinity for Fcγ receptors, promoting an anti-inflammatory state.
  • Sialylation increases affinity for alternative receptors like DC-SIGN/CD23.
  • A conformational shift model explains altered ligand specificity and biological activity.

Conclusions:

  • Fc-glycan sialylation is a key regulator of antibody effector functions, enabling a switch between activating and anti-inflammatory states.
  • This mechanism is conserved across antibody isotypes and Fc receptors.
  • Pathogens exploit this pathway to evade host immunity.
  • Targeting Fc-glycan sialylation presents therapeutic opportunities for inflammatory disorders.