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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...

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Related Experiment Videos

Medication adherence program: adherence challenges and interventions in type 2 diabetes.

Peggy Soule Odegard1, Gina Carpinito, Dale B Christensen

  • 1School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Box 357630, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA. podegard@u.washington.edu

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : Japha
|May 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pharmacist-led phone calls helped adults with type 2 diabetes manage medication adherence. Interventions reduced refill gaps, showing effectiveness in community pharmacy settings for improving medication self-management.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacoeconomics and Health Outcomes Research
  • Social and Administrative Pharmacy

Background:

  • Medication adherence is crucial for managing type 2 diabetes.
  • Identifying and addressing adherence challenges in community pharmacy settings is essential for patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe medication adherence issues in adults with type 2 diabetes.
  • To evaluate pharmacist interventions aimed at improving adherence.
  • To assess the impact of these interventions on refill gaps.

Main Methods:

  • A pre-post analysis was conducted in four community chain pharmacies.
  • 120 adult patients (mean age >60) with type 2 diabetes, late for refills, received pharmacist telephone-initiated adherence support.
  • Data collected on adherence problems, pharmacist activities, and refill gaps over 12 months.

Main Results:

  • The most common adherence problem was difficulty taking medications (27.1%), followed by forgetting refills (26.3%) and doses (24.6%).
  • Pharmacists provided education (35.6%) and other support (40.7%), averaging 5 minutes per intervention.
  • Intervention time correlated positively with patient-specific education and showed a significant reduction in refill gaps.

Conclusions:

  • Forgetting to refill medications was the primary adherence barrier.
  • Pharmacist-initiated phone calls effectively identified problems and supported self-management.
  • These interventions proved effective in busy urban community pharmacies.