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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Energy Balance01:19

Energy Balance

The human body gets energy from the three macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Energy is released when the chemical bonds in the organic compounds present in the food are broken down. The energy content of food is measured in kilocalories (kcal), defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. This value is determined by measuring the temperature change of the water surrounding a calorimeter after the complete...
Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State01:18

Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State

The postabsorptive state usually starts about four hours after a meal and lasts until the next meal is eaten. During this time, the digestive system stops absorbing nutrients, and the body uses stored energy reserves to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
Initially, glycogen stored in the liver is broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream, while glycogen in the muscles is broken down to supply glucose for energy directly within the muscle cells. As glycogen stores diminish,...
Metabolic States of the Body: The Absorptive State01:25

Metabolic States of the Body: The Absorptive State

During the absorptive state, which lasts approximately four hours after a meal, the body absorbs nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract. The carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids we consume are broken down into monosaccharides, amino acids, and free fatty acids for absorption. While carbohydrates and proteins are absorbed as-is, lipids are absorbed in their broken-down forms and then re-esterified into triglycerides within enterocytes before being packaged into chylomicrons. These absorbed...
Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation01:24

Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation

During the initial hours of fasting, the body uses up its glycogen stores as an energy source. Once these glycogen reserves are depleted, the body begins breaking down stored triglycerides and structural proteins. During this stage, glycerol becomes a key substrate for gluconeogenesis, while free fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation to provide energy for tissues, such as skeletal muscle. In the fasting state, the body spares protein breakdown as much as possible to conserve muscle and structural...
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Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...

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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
05:10

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Stay lean without dieting: Lose Sam68.

Marc-Étienne Huot1, Stéphane Richard

  • 1Laval University Cancer Research Center; Hôtel-Dieu de Québec; CHUQ; Quebec City, QC, Canada.

Adipocyte
|May 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Sam68 protein regulates fat tissue development by controlling mTOR gene splicing. Sam68 deficiency in mice leads to reduced adipogenesis and increased energy expenditure, offering protection against obesity.

Keywords:
STAR proteinsSam68adipose differentiationalternative splicingmTORwhite adipose tissue

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Metabolism

Background:

  • Alternative splicing is tissue-specific, but regulatory mechanisms in adipocytes remain unclear.
  • Sam68 protein deficiency in mice results in a lean phenotype and protection against diet-induced obesity.
  • Understanding alternative splicing regulation during adipogenesis is crucial for metabolic research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Sam68 in regulating alternative splicing during adipogenesis.
  • To identify specific genes affected by Sam68 deficiency in white adipose tissue.
  • To elucidate the impact of Sam68-mediated splicing on mTOR signaling and adipocyte function.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide exon array analysis in white adipose tissue (WAT) from wild-type and Sam68 knockout mice.
  • In vitro adipose differentiation assays.
  • Assessment of mTOR protein content and activity.

Main Results:

  • Sam68 deficiency causes abnormal splicing of the mTOR gene in WAT.
  • Reduced mTOR protein content and activity were observed during in vitro adipogenesis in Sam68 knockout cells.
  • Sam68 deficiency led to decreased adipogenesis, reduced WAT formation, and increased energy expenditure in mice.

Conclusions:

  • Sam68 plays a critical role in regulating alternative splicing of the mTOR gene during adipogenesis.
  • Dysregulation of mTOR splicing by Sam68 deficiency impacts adipocyte differentiation and energy homeostasis.
  • Targeting Sam68-mediated splicing pathways may offer novel strategies for obesity treatment.