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Updated: May 11, 2026

Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment
Published on: June 23, 2019
Interstitial lung disease in HIV
Sarah R Doffman1, Robert F Miller
1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Eastern Road, Brighton BN2 5BE, UK. Sarah.doffman@bsuh.nhs.uk
Abstract:
A spectrum of noninfectious, nonmalignant lymphocytic infiltrative disorders, including nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, was frequently described in HIV-infected adults in the precombination antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. With the advent of ART, these conditions are less commonly encountered when caring for HIV-infected adults, possibly as a consequence of the effects of HIV treatment on pulmonary immunology. By contrast, reports of sarcoidosis among HIV-infected persons were uncommon in the pre-ART era, but sarcoidosis is increasingly recognized since the introduction of ART and may represent an immune reconstitution phenomenon. Other causes of interstitial pneumonitis are infrequently encountered among HIV-infected persons.
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