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Related Experiment Video

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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

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Published on: May 4, 2011

Production improves memory equivalently following elaborative vs non-elaborative processing.

Noah D Forrin1, Tanya R Jonker, Colin M MacLeod

  • 1a Department of Psychology , University of Waterloo , Ontario , Canada.

Memory (Hove, England)
|May 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reading words aloud improves memory more than reading silently. This study found that elaborative encoding did not reduce the memory benefit of reading aloud, challenging the "lazy reading" theory.

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Related Experiment Videos

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • The production effect demonstrates that spoken words are better remembered than silent words.
  • A recent theory suggests this effect stems from reduced attention to silent words (lazy reading) rather than a benefit of production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of "lazy reading" in the production effect.
  • To test if elaborative encoding, which discourages lazy reading, alters the production effect.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Compared memory for generated words versus read words under elaborative encoding.
  • Experiment 2: Compared memory for deeply imagined words versus shallowly imagined words under elaborative encoding.

Main Results:

  • Production benefited generated words as much as read words.
  • Production benefited deeply imagined words as much as shallowly imagined words.
  • Elaborative encoding did not reduce the memory benefit of word production.

Conclusions:

  • The production effect is not caused by "lazy reading" of silent items.
  • Word production enhances memory regardless of the depth of semantic processing, suggesting distinctiveness is key.