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Physiological effects of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in childhood

Hiren Muzumdar1, Raanan Arens

  • 1Children's Hospital at Montefiore, 3415 Bainbridge Avenue, Bronx, NY 10467, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
|May 28, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) involves breathing limitations during sleep, potentially harming child development. This review explores OSAS causes and its effects on cognition, cardiovascular health, and metabolism.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric respiratory medicine
  • Sleep science
  • Child development

Background:

  • Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) encompasses respiratory disorders during sleep in children.
  • Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a primary SDB, affecting all pediatric age groups.
  • OSAS is characterized by inspiratory flow/volume limitation during sleep, impacting gas exchange and sleep architecture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the origins of OSAS in children.
  • To examine the end-organ damage resulting from chronic pediatric OSAS.
  • To highlight the impact of OSAS on behavior, cognition, cardiovascular function, autonomic regulation, inflammation, and metabolic syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
  • Synthesis of research on OSAS pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of studies detailing OSAS-induced end-organ effects.

Main Results:

  • Chronic OSAS can lead to significant adverse physiological effects impacting child health.
  • OSAS is associated with detrimental outcomes in behavior, cognition, and cardiovascular health.
  • The review details OSAS's role in autonomic dysregulation, inflammation, and metabolic syndrome development.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding OSAS genesis is crucial for pediatric health.
  • Early identification and management of pediatric OSAS can mitigate long-term health consequences.
  • OSAS poses a multi-systemic threat to child development and well-being.

Keywords:
ChildrenObstructive sleep apneaPathophysiologyPhysiologySleep disordered breathing

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