Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 11, 2026
06:09
Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
Published on: July 18, 2017
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: clinical experience with 21 cases
Sun Wook Kim1, Byung Il Yoon, U-Syn Ha
1Department of Urology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, 10 Yuksam-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 150-713, Korea.
Summary
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) diagnosis can be improved by considering clinical, lab, and imaging findings. Flank pain, fever, anemia, leukocytosis, and urinary tract abnormalities suggest XGP.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Radiology
- Urology
Background:
- Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare, chronic inflammatory condition of the kidney.
- Accurate preoperative diagnosis of XGP is challenging but crucial for appropriate management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the clinical, laboratory, and radiological features of XGP cases.
- To compare findings with existing literature to enhance preoperative diagnostic accuracy.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of 21 patients diagnosed with XGP.
- Analysis of clinical presentation, laboratory results, and radiological findings.
- Comparison of case features with published reports.
Main Results:
- The study included 21 patients (mean age 52.1 years, female:male ratio 2.5:1).
- Common symptoms included flank pain and fever; common lab findings were anemia, leukocytosis, and pyuria.
- Radiological findings included stones, hydronephrosis, renal mass, and kidney enlargement.
Conclusions:
- Consider XGP in patients with flank pain, fever, UTI, anemia, leukocytosis, staghorn calculi, or renal mass.
- Improved preoperative diagnosis can guide surgical approach, potentially avoiding unnecessary radical nephrectomies.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management
Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
01:27Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction
Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
01:25Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
01:30Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
01:14Atypical Pneumonia
Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
01:24Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction
Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...