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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Positron Emission Tomography Imaging for In Vivo Measuring of Myelin Content in the Lysolecithin Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis
08:40

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BG-12 in multiple sclerosis.

J Theodore Phillips1, Robert J Fox

  • 1Multiple Sclerosis Program, Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX 75204, USA. ted.phillips@baylorhealth.edu

Seminars in Neurology
|May 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dimethyl fumarate (BG-12) effectively treats relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) by reducing relapse rates and new lesions. It offers a favorable safety profile with manageable side effects.

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an established psoriasis treatment with demonstrated immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects.
  • DMF activates cytoprotective pathways via Keap1/Nrf2 and suppresses inflammation via NF-κB inhibition.
  • BG-12 is an enteric-coated DMF formulation designed for oral administration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of BG-12 in treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS).

Main Methods:

  • Two Phase III clinical trials were conducted to assess BG-12's impact on MS relapse rates and lesion development.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to monitor new T2 lesions.

Main Results:

  • BG-12 significantly reduced annualized relapse rates by 44-53%.
  • BG-12 demonstrated a 71-85% reduction in new T2 lesions on MRI.
  • Common side effects included flushing and gastrointestinal issues, primarily in the first month.
  • No increased risk of infections or cancer was observed in Phase II/III trials.

Conclusions:

  • BG-12 exhibits a favorable efficacy, safety, and tolerability profile for relapsing MS treatment.
  • The novel mechanism of action of BG-12 supports its use in managing MS.
  • BG-12 represents a promising therapeutic option for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis.