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Blunt traumatic bladder rupture: a 10-year perspective.

Kinzie A Matlock1, Alan H Tyroch, Ziad N Kronfol

  • 1Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79905, USA. Kinzie.Matlock@ttuhsc.edu

The American Surgeon
|May 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bladder rupture (BR) from blunt trauma is rare but serious, often linked to high injury severity and mortality. Pelvic fractures are common in extraperitoneal BR, while intraperitoneal BR frequently involves hollow viscus injuries.

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Area of Science:

  • Trauma Surgery
  • Urology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Blunt traumatic bladder rupture (BR) is an uncommon but severe injury.
  • Understanding its incidence, features, and associated injuries is crucial for patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence, features, and associated injuries of intraperitoneal (IP) and extraperitoneal (EP) bladder rupture (BR) in adult blunt trauma patients.
  • To analyze demographic data, injury severity, and mortality rates associated with BR.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of adult blunt trauma admissions from September 2001 to August 2011.
  • Evaluation of 54 patients with bladder rupture (EP, IP, or combined).
  • Analysis included demographics, Injury Severity Score (ISS), length of stay (LOS), mortality, and associated injuries, with diagnosis via computed tomography cystogram.

Main Results:

  • Bladder rupture occurred in 0.36% of 15,168 adult blunt trauma admissions.
  • Motor vehicle crashes were the most common cause (52%).
  • Associated injuries included pelvic fractures (80%), hollow viscus injury (34.5%), colonic injury (24%), and rectal injury (9.3%).
  • Mortality rate was 11%; mean ISS was 29, and mean LOS was 15 days.

Conclusions:

  • Bladder rupture in blunt trauma, though rare, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Extraperitoneal BR is strongly linked to pelvic fractures.
  • Intraperitoneal BR has a higher association with hollow viscus injuries, particularly colonic and rectal injuries.