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Enteroviral myocarditis in neonates

Luregn J Schlapbach1, Joerg Ersch, Christian Balmer

  • 1Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Mater Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
|May 29, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Neonatal myocarditis caused by enteroviruses can be fatal. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may be life-saving for infants with severe cardiorespiratory failure, but outcomes vary.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Enteroviruses are common pediatric viral pathogens.
  • While typically causing mild illness, enteroviruses can lead to severe conditions like myocarditis in neonates.
  • Neonatal myocarditis presents a significant mortality risk.

Observation:

  • Two cases of neonatal enteroviral myocarditis are presented.
  • Both infants experienced cardiorespiratory failure and severe shock unresponsive to standard treatments.
  • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was required for hemodynamic support.

Findings:

  • One neonate with Coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis died after 3 weeks on ECMO.
  • The second neonate, supported with ECMO for 9 days, recovered completely after decannulation.
  • Neonatal myocarditis demonstrates a high mortality rate.

Implications:

  • Early consideration of ECMO is crucial for neonates with enteroviral myocarditis experiencing rapid clinical and echocardiographic decline.
  • Aggressive supportive care, including ECMO, may improve outcomes in severe cases.
  • Further research into the management of neonatal enteroviral myocarditis is warranted.

Keywords:
coxsackievirusenterovirusextracorporeal membrane oxygenationmyocarditisneonate

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