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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
06:34

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

Early language development after peri-natal stroke.

Doris A Trauner1, Karin Eshagh, Angela O Ballantyne

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.

Brain and Language
|May 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with early brain damage from perinatal stroke show delayed language development, impacting word production and sentence length by 24 months, regardless of the affected hemisphere.

Keywords:
Early languageGestureMacArthur Bates CDIPeri-natal strokePlasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatric Neurology

Background:

  • Early unilateral brain damage affects language development differently in children versus adults due to brain plasticity.
  • Perinatal stroke can lead to structural and functional brain changes impacting neurodevelopment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate early language and gesture markers in infants with perinatal stroke affecting either the right hemisphere (RH) or left hemisphere (LH).
  • To compare language development trajectories in children with perinatal stroke against typically developing controls.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) for 12-month (Words & Gestures) and 24-month (Words & Sentences) assessments.
  • Compared percentile scores of children with RH or LH perinatal stroke (n=71) against typically developing controls (n=126) using analysis of variance.
  • Analyzed longitudinal data from a subset of participants to track expressive vocabulary progression.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in language comprehension or production at 12 months across groups.
  • At 24 months, both stroke groups exhibited significantly lower scores in word production, irregular word usage, and mean sentence length compared to controls.
  • Longitudinal analysis revealed delayed expressive vocabulary growth from 12 to 24 months in the stroke group, irrespective of lesion side.
  • Dissociation observed between gesture and word production in left hemisphere stroke participants.

Conclusions:

  • Early language development following perinatal stroke deviates from typical trajectories, likely due to brain reorganization and plasticity.
  • The findings highlight the impact of perinatal stroke on crucial early language milestones.
  • Hemispheric laterality did not significantly differentiate language outcomes at 24 months in this cohort.