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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
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Murine Superficial Lymph Node Surgery
04:36

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Published on: May 21, 2012

Thymus-resident memory CD8+ T cells mediate local immunity.

Maike Hofmann1, Anna Oschowitzer, Stefan R Kurzhals

  • 1Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

European Journal of Immunology
|May 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Virus-specific memory CD8(+) T cells, identified as tissue-resident memory T (T(RM)) cells, reside in the thymus. These cells provide local immunity and protect the thymus from reinfection.

Keywords:
CD103CD69E-cadherinTissue-resident memory T (TRM) cellsViral infections

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09:15

Identification of Rare Antigen-Specific T Cells from Mouse Lungs with Peptide:Major Histocompatibility Complex Tetramers

Published on: July 19, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • T cell biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • The thymus is crucial for T cell development and selection.
  • Mature T cells, including activated and memory T cells, can return to the thymus.
  • Tissue-resident memory T (T(RM)) cells are known for local immune surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and function of virus-specific memory CD8(+) T cells within the thymus.
  • To characterize the phenotype and behavior of these thymic memory T cells.
  • To determine if these cells contribute to local immune responses in the thymus.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of virus-specific memory CD8(+) T cells in mouse thymus post-infection.
  • Analysis of cell surface markers (CD69, CD103) indicative of T(RM) cells.
  • Kinetic studies and peripheral T cell depletion experiments.
  • Assessment of secondary proliferative response and effector functions.
  • Evaluation of protection against viral reinfection in the thymus.

Main Results:

  • Virus-specific memory CD8(+) T cells were detected in the thymic medulla and cortex.
  • These cells expressed CD69 and CD103, characteristic of T(RM) cells.
  • Thymic memory CD8(+) T cells were found to be non-circulating.
  • They mounted rapid secondary responses, displayed immediate effector functions, and protected the thymus from reinfection.

Conclusions:

  • This study identifies virus-specific memory CD8(+) T cells with T(RM) characteristics in the thymus, a primary lymphoid organ.
  • It demonstrates the functional capacity of these thymic T(RM) cells in local immune surveillance and protection.
  • The findings expand the understanding of T cell immunity within the thymus beyond its role in T cell development.