Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA into a...
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA into a...
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hypoxia-mediated epicardial signaling coordinates coronary angiogenesis and myocardial expansion during zebrafish ventricle maturation.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Hypoxia-activated <i>scleraxis a</i> mediates epicardial progenitor differentiation into a unique cardiac perivascular cell type.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

3D imaging with enhanced transparency, signal-to-background ratios, and antigen detection using HyPer-3D.

Cell reports methods·2026
Same author

Restoration of Spermatogenesis is Dependent on Activation of a SPRY4-ERK Checkpoint Following Germline Stem Cell Damage.

Biology of reproduction·2026
Same author

A chemical epigenetic tool to probe site-specific DNA-binding protein complexes.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Enhancer remodeling by OTX2 directs specification and patterning of mammalian definitive endoderm.

Developmental cell·2025
Same journal

Chemotactic self-organization captures the dynamics of mammalian hair follicle patterning.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Tomographic imaging of superconducting order using particle-hole interference.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Inhibitory potential of autologous neutralizing antibodies sets quantitative limits on the rebound-competent HIV-1 reservoir.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Inferring epidemiological parameters under an infectious phylogeography model with visitor dynamics.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Analytical modeling for suction cup designs for skin-interfaced wearable devices.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Improving cell-free metabolism through direct integration of artificial respiratory chains.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment
10:24

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment

Published on: September 27, 2015

Translation initiation factor eIF3h targets specific transcripts to polysomes during embryogenesis.

Avik Choudhuri1, Umadas Maitra, Todd Evans

  • 1Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit h (eIF3h) regulates zebrafish development by controlling specific mRNA translation. Depleting eIF3h impacts neural and lens development, revealing novel translational control mechanisms.

Keywords:
Crygm2dRNA sequencing

More Related Videos

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells
08:47

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells

Published on: May 1, 2020

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs
10:37

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs

Published on: May 10, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment
10:24

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment

Published on: September 27, 2015

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells
08:47

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells

Published on: May 1, 2020

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs
10:37

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs

Published on: May 10, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) is crucial for protein synthesis, comprising core and noncore subunits.
  • Higher eukaryotes possess additional eIF3 subunits, like eIF3h, with functions yet to be fully elucidated.
  • Zebrafish eif3ha, encoding a predominant eIF3h isoform, is essential for embryonic brain and eye development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which eIF3h regulates gene expression during zebrafish embryogenesis.
  • To identify specific mRNAs translationally controlled by eIF3h in developing zebrafish.
  • To understand the role of eIF3h in neural and lens development.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide polysome profiling in wild-type and eif3ha-deficient zebrafish embryos.
  • Analysis of translationally regulated mRNAs, particularly neural-associated transcripts.
  • Functional analysis of UTR sequences in crystallin mRNA regulation.

Main Results:

  • Identified a substantial set of neural-associated mRNAs translationally regulated by eIF3h.
  • Discovered that crystallin isoform mRNAs crucial for lens development are lost from polysomes in eIF3h-depleted embryos.
  • Demonstrated that UTR sequences of a target crystallin transcript are necessary, but not sufficient, for eIF3h-mediated translational control.

Conclusions:

  • Noncore eIF3 subunits, such as eIF3h, play specific roles in modulating developmental programs.
  • Translational regulation by eIF3h is a key mechanism controlling lens development in zebrafish.
  • The zebrafish model system is effective for uncovering translational regulatory mechanisms in vertebrate development.