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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
Pain01:20

Pain

Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...

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Sustained deep-tissue pain alters functional brain connectivity.

Jieun Kim1, Marco L Loggia, Robert R Edwards

  • 1MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA. seesaw@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu

Pain
|May 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sustained pain alters brain connectivity by reducing sensorimotor network links and increasing salience network engagement. This shift in functional brain connectivity may explain individual pain sensitivity differences.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Research
  • Functional Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Understanding the neurocircuitry of pain perception is crucial for developing effective pain management strategies.
  • Existing functional brain connectivity studies often use stimuli that do not accurately reflect clinical pain experiences.
  • Sustained myofascial pain, induced by a pressure cuff, offers a more clinically relevant model for studying deep-tissue pain connectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate functional brain connectivity changes during sustained deep-tissue pain.
  • To evaluate alterations in specific brain networks, including the sensorimotor (SMN), salience (SLN), dorsal attention (DAN), frontoparietal control (FCN), and default mode networks (DMN).
  • To explore the relationship between connectivity changes and individual pain sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess brain connectivity in healthy adults.
  • Connectivity was measured both at rest and during a sustained 6-minute pain state induced by a pressure cuff.
  • Pain ratings were monitored to ensure stability throughout the stimulation period.

Main Results:

  • Sustained pain led to reduced connectivity between the SMN and the contralateral leg's primary sensorimotor (S1/M1) representation.
  • Decreased SMN-S1/M1 connectivity correlated with increased SLN-S1/M1 connectivity, indicating a shift towards salience processing.
  • Increased DAN connectivity to pain-processing regions (mid-cingulate cortex, posterior insula, putamen) was observed.
  • Greater connectivity between S1/M1 and sensory/affective areas (posterior insula, thalamus, putamen, amygdala) was associated with lower pressure-induced pain thresholds.

Conclusions:

  • Sustained pain disrupts resting S1/M1 connectivity, reallocating it to networks involved in stimulus salience.
  • Altered connectivity between S1/M1 and sensory/affective regions during pain may contribute to interindividual differences in pain sensitivity.
  • These findings provide insights into the neural mechanisms underlying sustained deep-tissue pain and pain variability.