Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 11, 2026

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
Published on: December 20, 2024
Influence of light irradiation on Vickers hardness of dual-cure cement polymerized under restorations
Daisaku Shiomuki1, Hiroyuki Minami, Takuo Tanaka
1Fixed Prosthetic Clinic, Kagoshima University Medical and Dental Hospital, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
Abstract:
This study evaluated, by measuring Vickers hardness (Hv), the effects of these factors on the degree of polymerization of dual-cure cement (Panavia F2.0) placed under a restoration: light transmission property of restoratives materials, distance from the directly irradiated surface, and elapsed time after light irradiation. Two materials were used for the restoration: silver-palladium-copper-gold alloy (Alloy) versus zirconia (ZR). Restorations were cemented on bovine enamel by dual-cure cement. At 30 min, 2 h, 6 h, 1 day, and 1 week after definitive irradiation, Hv values at the enamel side of cement were evaluated at three measuring points: two points at the left and right margins and one point at the center. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction (α=0.05). With the Alloy restoration, Hv value at the center was significantly lower than those at the margins at 30 min after irradiation. For both Alloy and ZR restorations, Hv value at each measuring point continued to increase significantly up to 6 h.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Accelerated Curing of Concrete
Porosity in Cement Paste
The balance of water to cement in the mix is critical—it...
Strength of Cement
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in ASTM C...
Hydration of Cement
Strength and Heat of Hydration
The heat of hydration for each cement compound is significant; for instance, tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and...
Soundness of Cement

