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Related Concept Videos

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
What is Metabolism?00:52

What is Metabolism?

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Multicolor Flow Cytometry-based Quantification of Mitochondria and Lysosomes in T Cells
06:22

Multicolor Flow Cytometry-based Quantification of Mitochondria and Lysosomes in T Cells

Published on: January 9, 2019

mTOR and lymphocyte metabolism.

Hu Zeng1, Hongbo Chi

  • 1Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.

Current Opinion in Immunology
|June 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is crucial for directing T cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival by integrating immune signals and metabolic cues. This review explores mTOR

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Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Na&#239;ve and Effector CD8 T Cells
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Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Naïve and Effector CD8 T Cells

Published on: March 28, 2025

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Multicolor Flow Cytometry-based Quantification of Mitochondria and Lysosomes in T Cells
06:22

Multicolor Flow Cytometry-based Quantification of Mitochondria and Lysosomes in T Cells

Published on: January 9, 2019

Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Na&#239;ve and Effector CD8 T Cells
06:07

Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Naïve and Effector CD8 T Cells

Published on: March 28, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Metabolism

Background:

  • Naïve lymphocytes activate upon antigen engagement, leading to proliferation, differentiation into effector cells, and subsequent survival as memory cells or apoptosis.
  • Distinct metabolic profiles characterize lymphocytes at various activation stages.
  • The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is increasingly recognized for its role in immune cell function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding the functional significance of mTOR in T cell biology.
  • To explore the signal transduction pathways of mTOR in T cells.
  • To elucidate the interplay between mTOR signaling and metabolic programs in lymphocytes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific advances.
  • Analysis of signal transduction mechanisms.
  • Integration of immunological and metabolic research.

Main Results:

  • mTOR integrates immune signals and metabolic cues to regulate lymphocyte activation.
  • mTOR signaling directs key processes including proliferation, differentiation, and survival of T cells.
  • Specific metabolic programs are modulated by mTOR to support T cell functions.

Conclusions:

  • mTOR plays a pivotal role in bridging immune activation and metabolic adaptation in T cells.
  • Understanding mTOR signaling is essential for comprehending T cell fate and function.
  • Targeting mTOR pathways may offer therapeutic strategies in immune-related diseases.