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Related Concept Videos

Lampbrush Chromosomes01:51

Lampbrush Chromosomes

In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops resemble the...
Lampbrush Chromosomes01:51

Lampbrush Chromosomes

In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops resemble the...
Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also regularly...
Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also regularly...
Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

Overview
Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...

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Coordinated chromosome motion emerges from mechanical coupling mediated by the physical spindle environment.

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The Role of Transient Crosslinks in the Chromatin Search Response to DNA Damage.

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Different relative scalings between transient forces and thermal fluctuations tune regimes of dynamic clustering.

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The centromere bottlebrush requires a multi-microtubule attachment.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Rapid Analysis of Chromosome Aberrations in Mouse B Lymphocytes by PNA-FISH
07:54

Rapid Analysis of Chromosome Aberrations in Mouse B Lymphocytes by PNA-FISH

Published on: August 19, 2014

A close look at wiggly chromosomes.

Kerry Bloom1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA. kbloom@email.unc.edu

Developmental Cell
|June 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Bacterial nucleoid structure involves periodic fluctuations of an elastic filament, crucial for relieving tension. This mechanical cycle, involving programmed tethers, is key for chromosome segregation during cell division.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • The bacterial genome, or nucleoid, is a complex structure essential for cell function.
  • Understanding nucleoid dynamics is critical for comprehending bacterial cell division and genetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic behavior of the bacterial nucleoid structure.
  • To elucidate the mechanical principles governing chromosome segregation.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution time-lapse imaging of bacterial cells.
  • Analysis of nucleoid filament dynamics and associated structures.

Main Results:

  • The bacterial nucleoid acts as an elastic filament within an internal network.

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Preparation of Drosophila Polytene Chromosome Squashes for Antibody Labeling
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Preparation of Drosophila Polytene Chromosome Squashes for Antibody Labeling

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Rapid Analysis of Chromosome Aberrations in Mouse B Lymphocytes by PNA-FISH
07:54

Rapid Analysis of Chromosome Aberrations in Mouse B Lymphocytes by PNA-FISH

Published on: August 19, 2014

2D and 3D Chromosome Painting in Malaria Mosquitoes
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2D and 3D Chromosome Painting in Malaria Mosquitoes

Published on: January 6, 2014

Preparation of Drosophila Polytene Chromosome Squashes for Antibody Labeling
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Preparation of Drosophila Polytene Chromosome Squashes for Antibody Labeling

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  • Periodic fluctuations and programmed tether release were observed, indicating a mechanical cycle.
  • These dynamics are critical for relieving tension and facilitating chromosome segregation.

    • Conclusions:

    • Bacterial chromosome segregation is governed by a primordial mechanical cycle involving nucleoid dynamics.
    • The findings provide new insights into the physical mechanisms underlying genome organization and replication.