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Distribution of and factors contributing to chronic kidney disease in a middle-aged working population
Yuka Noborisaka1, Masao Ishizaki, Yuichi Yamada
1Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan, hygiene@kanazawa-med.ac.jp.
Insights
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 16% of middle-aged workers equally in both sexes. High-risk CKD is more prevalent in men, particularly those aged 55-64, linked to obesity, hypertension, and diabetes.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Public Health
- Occupational Medicine
Background:
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant public health concern.
- Understanding CKD prevalence and risk factors in working populations is crucial for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of CKD among middle-aged Japanese workers.
- To identify factors associated with the development and progression of CKD in this demographic.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective study of 6,662 Japanese workers (3,964 men, 2,698 women) aged 35-64.
- Analysis of proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from annual health check-ups.
- Longitudinal follow-up data from 2009 to 2003.
Main Results:
- Overall CKD prevalence was 16.0% in men and 16.1% in women.
- High-risk CKD was more common in men (2.0%) than women (0.6%), with 3.3% of men aged 55-64 affected.
- Obesity (BMI ≥30), hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), smoking, and job type were linked to proteinuria and CKD development/progression.
Conclusions:
- CKD affects 16% of middle-aged workers, with similar prevalence in both sexes.
- High-risk CKD predominantly affects men, especially older individuals in this cohort.
- Obesity, hypertension, DM, smoking, and occupational factors are key contributors to CKD development and progression.
Objectives:
To clarify the distribution of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the factors contributing to its development and progression in middle-aged Japanese workers/employees.
Methods:
This was a retrospective study involving 3,964 men and 2,698 women aged 35-64 years in 2009 who had been followed-up until 2003. Data on proteinuria determined with a dipstick and glomerular filtration rate estimated from serum creatinine concentration (eGFR) were collected in the annual health check-ups.
Results:
Proteinuria was detected in 2.9 and 1.1 % of the men and women, respectively, and total CKD was detected in 16.0 and 16.1 % of the men and women respectively. Moderate or severe CKD associated a high risk of cardiovascular diseases and end-stage kidney disease was found mostly in the male subjects [2.0 (men) vs. 0.6 % (women)]. High-risk CKD was found in 3.3 % of the men aged 55-64 years. A body mass index (BMI) of ≥30, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), current smoking and some job types were independently related to the development of proteinuria, while age, BMI, hypertriglyceridemia, and job types were related to total CKD. The development of high-risk CKD was related to preceding mild CKD signs of reduced eGFR and proteinuria as well as to hypertension, DM, smoking, and job type.
Conclusions:
Chronic kidney disease was found in 16 % of middle-aged workers with an equal prevalence in both sexes, while high-risk CKD was found mostly in men, of whom 3.3 % were aged 55-64 years. Obesity, hypertension, DM, smoking and some job types were related to the development and progression of CKD.
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