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A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection
Published on: August 14, 2019
Pandemic influenza planning, United States, 1978-2008
John Iskander1, Raymond A Strikas, Kathleen F Gensheimer
1Office of the Associate Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Mailstop D50, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. jxi0@cdc.gov
Emerging Infectious Diseases
|June 5, 2013
Summary
US public health authorities have developed pandemic preparedness plans since the 1970s. The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic highlighted the value of these plans and informed future public health emergency responses.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Emergency Management
Background:
- Four influenza pandemics occurred in the last century, prompting the US to initiate pandemic response planning in 1976.
- Key events like the H5N1 avian influenza outbreak, anthrax attacks, and SARS outbreak spurred advancements in public health emergency planning.
Observation:
- US public health emergency planning evolved significantly since the late 1970s.
- The 2009 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic response showcased the effectiveness of preparedness efforts.
- The 2009 pandemic provided valuable lessons for refining future public health crisis plans.
Findings:
- Preparedness planning is crucial for effective public health emergency response.
- Multilevel collaboration is essential for managing public health crises.
- Continuous improvement of pandemic plans is necessary based on real-world events.
Implications:
- Enhanced preparedness planning strengthens the national capacity to respond to future public health crises.
- Lessons learned from past pandemics inform strategies for improved future responses.
- Sustained investment in public health emergency planning is vital for national security.
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Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.