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Impact of rotavirus vaccination in Australian children below 5 years of age: a database study

Annmarie Pendleton1, Maja Galic, Christopher Clarke

  • 1GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines Pty Ltd; Melbourne, VIC Australia.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
|June 5, 2013
PubMed

Insights

The rotavirus (RV) vaccine significantly reduced hospitalizations for rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) and all-cause gastroenteritis (AGE) in Australian children under five. This two-dose vaccine demonstrated substantial public health impact following its introduction.

Area of Science:

  • Vaccinology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health Surveillance

Background:

  • Rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) poses a significant health burden in young children globally.
  • Rotavirus vaccination is a key strategy for preventing RVGE and reducing associated hospitalizations.
  • Australia introduced a two-dose rotavirus vaccine (RIX4414) into its National Immunisation Program (NIP).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of the two-dose rotavirus (RV) vaccine (RIX4414) on rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) and all-cause gastroenteritis (AGE) hospitalizations in Australian children under five years.
  • To assess the vaccine's effectiveness in New South Wales (NSW), the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), and the Northern Territory (NT).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized aggregated, de-identified hospitalization data for RVGE and AGE from July 1998 to June 2009 from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.
  • Compared incidence rates of RVGE hospitalizations in children aged 0-11 months before (July 2006) and after (July 2007-June 2009) vaccine introduction.
  • Analyzed reductions in RVGE and AGE hospitalizations across all children under five years in NSW and ACT.

Main Results:

  • Baseline RVGE hospitalization incidence in children aged 0-11 months was 33.75 (NSW), 42.93 (ACT), and 288.67 (NT) per 10,000 child-years before vaccination.
  • Following vaccine introduction, RVGE hospitalizations significantly decreased to 13.06 (NSW), 17.35 (ACT), and 47.52 (NT) in 2007-2008, and further to 3.87 (NSW), 8.40 (ACT), and 122.79 (NT) in 2008-2009.
  • Observed notable reductions in both RVGE and AGE hospitalizations in children under five years in NSW and ACT post-vaccination.

Conclusions:

  • The two-dose rotavirus vaccine (RIX4414) introduction into Australia's NIP led to substantial reductions in RVGE and AGE hospitalizations among young children.
  • The vaccine demonstrated significant public health impact, particularly in reducing severe rotavirus disease burden in infants.
  • Continued surveillance is important to monitor long-term vaccine effectiveness and impact on gastroenteritis trends.

Keywords:
Australiagastroenteritishospitalizationincidencerotavirus

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