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Related Concept Videos

The Retina01:32

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The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Related Experiment Video

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DTI of the Visual Pathway - White Matter Tracts and Cerebral Lesions
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Anatomy of the visual pathways.

Carlos Gustavo De Moraes1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

Journal of Glaucoma
|June 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The visual pathway transmits information from the eyes to the brain via the optic nerve and optic tract. Blood supply to the visual cortex is crucial for sight, primarily from the posterior cerebral arteries.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroanatomy

Background:

  • The visual pathway begins with retinal ganglion cells forming the optic nerve.
  • Axons from each eye meet at the optic chiasm, where nasal fibers cross over.
  • These fibers continue as the optic tract to the lateral geniculate nucleus and then the visual cortex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the anatomical pathway of visual information from the retina to the visual cortex.
  • To detail the blood supply of the visual cortex, particularly the occipital pole.

Main Methods:

  • Anatomical pathway tracing of retinal ganglion cell axons.
  • Vascular anatomy study of the visual cortex blood supply.

Main Results:

  • Visual information travels via the optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral geniculate nucleus, and optic radiations to the visual cortex.
  • The posterior cerebral arteries primarily supply the visual cortex.
  • The occipital pole may have a dual blood supply involving the middle cerebral artery.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the visual pathway and its blood supply is essential for diagnosing and treating visual impairments.
  • The vascularization of the occipital pole highlights potential complexities in blood flow to central vision areas.