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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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Related Experiment Video

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Site-Directed Immobilization of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 to Solid Surfaces by Click Chemistry
11:20

Site-Directed Immobilization of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 to Solid Surfaces by Click Chemistry

Published on: March 29, 2018

Fine-tuned shuttles for bone morphogenetic proteins.

Kristi A Wharton1, Mihaela Serpe

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|June 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are crucial signaling factors regulated by extracellular shuttling systems. These systems control BMP distribution, impacting tissue development and homeostasis.

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Site-Directed Immobilization of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 to Solid Surfaces by Click Chemistry
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted signaling factors essential for development and tissue homeostasis.
  • BMPs trigger Smad transcriptional regulator phosphorylation via cell-surface receptor binding, altering gene expression.
  • Tight temporal and spatial regulation of BMPs is achieved through secreted modulators controlling extracellular distribution and receptor availability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review shuttling systems that regulate the distribution of BMP ligands in tissues.
  • To discuss the biological advantages of specific BMP shuttling strategies.
  • To explore the roles of different BMP ligand forms in these processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on BMP signaling and extracellular regulation.
  • Analysis of various tissue geometries and temporal constraints influencing BMP distribution.
  • Examination of secreted modulators and their impact on BMP availability.

Main Results:

  • Extracellular regulation is critical for BMPs to function as morphogens and form activity gradients.
  • Shuttling systems are employed to control BMP ligand distribution across diverse tissue types.
  • Different strategies for BMP shuttling offer distinct biological advantages.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding BMP shuttling systems is key to comprehending developmental processes.
  • Targeted manipulation of BMP shuttling may offer therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine.
  • The diverse forms of BMP ligands contribute to the complexity of their extracellular regulation.