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Hibernation and gas exchange
William K Milsom1, Donald C Jackson
1Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Comprehensive Physiology
|June 6, 2013
Summary
Hibernation involves metabolic depression and reduced gas exchange in both endotherms and ectotherms. Mechanisms vary, with mammals using respiratory acidosis and episodic breathing, while ectotherms rely on extrapulmonary routes.
Area of Science:
- Comparative Physiology
- Metabolic Regulation
- Gas Exchange
Background:
- Hibernation conserves energy through metabolic depression, influenced by temperature and other factors.
- Gas exchange rates decrease during hibernation, with unique adaptations in endotherms and ectotherms.
- Respiratory regulation and oxygen uptake present distinct challenges and solutions in hibernating animals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the mechanisms of gas exchange regulation during hibernation in endotherms and ectotherms.
- To compare temperature-dependent and independent factors influencing metabolic depression and gas exchange.
- To investigate the role of respiratory acidosis, episodic breathing, and extrapulmonary gas exchange.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of physiological data from hibernating mammals, reptiles, and amphibians.
- Examination of gas exchange pathways, including pulmonary, extrapulmonary, and cutaneous routes.
- Review of blood gas parameters (e.g., CO₂, pH) and hemoglobin-oxygen affinity.
Main Results:
- Mammalian hibernation involves relative respiratory acidosis and episodic breathing, potentially aiding metabolic depression.
- Ectotherms, especially submerged ones, rely heavily on extrapulmonary gas exchange, with amphibians and turtles maintaining aerobic states via diffusion.
- Hemoglobin's increased O₂ affinity at low temperatures aids oxygen uptake in both groups; pH regulation varies, with some ectotherms exhibiting alkalosis.
Conclusions:
- Gas exchange regulation during hibernation is complex, involving both temperature-dependent and independent mechanisms.
- Adaptations in breathing patterns and gas exchange routes are crucial for survival during hibernation in diverse taxa.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate control mechanisms in submerged ectotherms.
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