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Constant Pressure Calorimetry

Constant Pressure Calorimetry

Calorimetry is a technique used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process or to measure the heat transferred to or from a substance. The heat is exchanged with a calibrated and insulated device called the calorimeter. Calorimetry experiments are based on the assumption that there is no heat exchange between the insulated calorimeter and the external environment. The well-insulated calorimeters prevent the transfer of heat between the calorimeter and its external...

Calorimetry

Calorimetry

When objects at different temperatures are placed in contact with each other but isolated from everything else, they attain thermal equilibrium. A container that prevents heat transfer in or out is called a calorimeter, and the use of a calorimeter to make measurements is called calorimetry. Generally, these measurements involve heat or specific heat capacity. The term "calorimetry problem" is used for any problem where the specified objects are thermally isolated from their surroundings. An...

Constant Volume Calorimetry

Constant Volume Calorimetry

Calorimeters are useful to determine the heat released or absorbed by a chemical reaction. Coffee cup calorimeters are designed to operate at constant (atmospheric) pressure and are convenient to measure heat flow (or enthalpy change) accompanying processes that occur in solution at constant pressure. A different type of calorimeter that operates at constant volume, colloquially known as a bomb calorimeter, is used to measure the energy produced by reactions that yield large amounts of heat and...

Enthalpy

Enthalpy

Chemists ordinarily use a property known as enthalpy (H) to describe the thermodynamics of chemical and physical processes. Enthalpy is defined as the sum of a system’s internal energy (E) and the mathematical product of its pressure (P) and volume (V):

Hess's Law

Hess's Law

There are two ways to determine the amount of heat involved in a chemical change: measure it experimentally, or calculate it from other experimentally determined enthalpy changes. Some reactions are difficult, if not impossible, to investigate and make accurate measurements for experimentally. And even when a reaction is not hard to perform or measure, it is convenient to be able to determine the heat involved in a reaction without having to perform an experiment.

Thermosensation

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions

A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions

Published on: August 17, 2016

Relaxation calorimeter for hydrogen thermoporometry.

E Van Cleve¹, M A Worsley, S O Kucheyev

¹Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|June 8, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new relaxation calorimeter for measuring hydrogen isotope heat capacity in nanoporous materials. The apparatus achieves high precision, enabling detailed pore size distribution analysis with sub-Angstrom resolution.

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Thermodynamics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Accurate measurement of heat capacity in nanoporous materials is crucial for understanding gas behavior at the nanoscale.
Existing methods may lack the precision or resolution required for detailed characterization of hydrogen isotopes within confined spaces.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and present a novel relaxation calorimeter optimized for measuring the heat capacity of hydrogen isotopes.
To demonstrate the capability of the apparatus for high-resolution pore size distribution analysis in nanoporous solids.

Main Methods:

Utilized a pulse tube refrigerator for cooling to approximately 5 K.
Employed a modular design for efficient sample handling and rapid reconfiguration.
Achieved high thermal stability of less than 1 mK.

Main Results:

Successfully measured the effective heat capacity of hydrogen (H2) within Vycor (silica) nanoporous glass.
Obtained a highly detailed pore size distribution profile.
Demonstrated sub-Angstrom resolution in the pore size analysis.

Conclusions:

The developed relaxation calorimeter is a powerful tool for studying hydrogen isotopes in nanoporous materials.
The apparatus provides unprecedented resolution for pore size distribution analysis.
This technique opens new avenues for research in gas-solid interactions at the nanoscale.