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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing
11:26

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing

Published on: June 3, 2019

A glimpse into past, present, and future DNA sequencing.

Marcos Morey1, Ana Fernández-Marmiesse, Daisy Castiñeiras

  • 1Unidad de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de Enfermedades Metabólicas Congénitas, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, A Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. marcosmorey84@gmail.com

Molecular Genetics and Metabolism
|June 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advances in DNA sequencing are lowering costs and increasing data output, driving progress in genetics and related fields. These technologies enable ambitious studies in areas like disease research and evolution.

Keywords:
DNA sequencingGenome sequencingHigh throughput genomicsNext generation sequencingSequencing technologiesThird generation sequencing

More Related Videos

Ultra-long Read Sequencing for Whole Genomic DNA Analysis
10:34

Ultra-long Read Sequencing for Whole Genomic DNA Analysis

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G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
06:40

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

Published on: March 22, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing
11:26

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing

Published on: June 3, 2019

Ultra-long Read Sequencing for Whole Genomic DNA Analysis
10:34

Ultra-long Read Sequencing for Whole Genomic DNA Analysis

Published on: March 15, 2019

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
06:40

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

Published on: March 22, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • DNA sequencing technologies have advanced significantly, reducing costs and increasing throughput.
  • Milestones like the human genome reference and the 1000 Genomes project have been enabled by these advances.
  • Integration with biological databases and analysis tools democratizes genetic research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of DNA sequencing technologies, focusing on second-generation sequencing.
  • To provide an overview of first and third-generation sequencing for historical context and future outlook.
  • To discuss sample preparation, sequencing chemistries, bioinformatics software, and applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current DNA sequencing technologies, emphasizing second-generation methods.
  • Overview of first-generation (historical) and third-generation (future) sequencing approaches.
  • Discussion of sample/library preparation, sequencing chemistries, and bioinformatics tools.

Main Results:

  • Second-generation sequencing offers high throughput and decreasing costs.
  • These technologies facilitate ambitious studies in multifactorial diseases, evolution, metagenomics, and transcriptomics.
  • Bioinformatics tools are crucial for data analysis, interpretation, and visualization.

Conclusions:

  • DNA sequencing advancements are revolutionizing basic and applied sciences.
  • The accessibility of these technologies empowers researchers to explore complex genetic influences.
  • Future directions include third-generation sequencing for enhanced genetic analysis.