Eligibility for percutaneous renal denervation: the importance of a systematic screening

Percutaneous renal denervation (pRDN) is a new and promising therapy for resistant hypertension. Among patients suspected of having resistant hypertension, the actual presence of this condition needs to be well established; pseudoresistant hypertension and significant white-coat effect (WCE) should be excluded. This analysis presents the results of a standardized screening programme for patients referred for pRDN.

All patients referred to our centre for pRDN underwent a standardized stepwise screening and were subsequently discussed in a multidisciplinary team. The screening included a 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM), collection of plasma, urine and saliva, and finally imaging of the renal arteries.

From August 2010 till October 2012, 181 patients were referred for pRDN. Mean blood pressure (BP) was 182/100 mmHg, and median use was three antihypertensives. Ultimately, 121 patients (67%) were excluded from pRDN. Main reasons for exclusion were BP-related. Twenty-three patients (19%) had an office SBP less than 160 mmHg and 26 patients (22%) showed a WCE. Fourteen patients (12%) had a so far undetected underlying cause of hypertension, the majority being primary aldosteronism (n = 11). Nine patients had an ineligible renal anatomy.

A high percentage of patients were excluded from treatment with pRDN due to secondary causes of hypertension, WCE or a BP below the currently advised thresholds. Treatment of these excluded patients would lead to inappropriate use of pRDN, leading most likely to little benefit for the patients and a burden to healthcare. Therefore, it is recommended to use a standardized screening before treatment with pRDN.