[Gender aspects in cardiovascular diseases]

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Gender Medicine
• Public Health

Context:

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of death globally for both men and women, particularly in older populations.
• Gender Medicine research has identified significant disparities in women's access to and outcomes from high-tech cardiac interventions.
• Despite awareness campaigns, these trends persist, though at a reduced rate.

Purpose:

• To highlight persistent gender disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) care and outcomes for women.
• To emphasize the role of prevention and risk factor management in reducing CVD mortality in both sexes.
• To advocate for the integration of Gender Medicine principles into medical education and clinical guidelines.

Summary:

• Women experience longer wait times and less access to advanced cardiac procedures like ICU care, cardiac catheterization, and bypass surgery, leading to poorer outcomes.
• While prevention efforts targeting risk factors (smoking, hypertension, lipids, diabetes, obesity) have improved outcomes for all, gender-based inequities in care remain.
• Recent publications indicate these disparities are decreasing but still present, underscoring the need for continued attention.

Impact:

• Promoting equal opportunity in cardiology requires further implementation of Gender Medicine in medical training and postgraduate education.
• Incorporating Gender Medicine findings into professional society guidelines is essential for standardizing equitable patient care.
• Addressing gender-specific needs in cardiovascular care can improve health equity and reduce mortality rates for women.