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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.
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Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
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Why is working memory related to intelligence? Different contributions from storage and processing.

Cai-Ping Dang1, Johan Braeken, Roberto Colom

  • 1a Department of Psychology , Guangzhou Medical University , China.

Memory (Hove, England)
|June 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Executive functioning (EF) primarily predicts fluid intelligence (Gf), while verbal short-term memory (STM) predicts crystallized intelligence (Gc). Both executive functioning and short-term memory contribute to working memory

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Individual differences in intelligence are influenced by various cognitive functions.
  • Working memory (WM), short-term memory (STM), and executive functioning (EF) are key cognitive constructs often studied in relation to intelligence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the domain-specific contributions of WM, STM, and EF to individual differences in fluid intelligence (Gf) and crystallized intelligence (Gc).
  • To investigate the hierarchical nature of cognitive constructs and their underlying mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • A latent variable approach using structural equation modeling was employed.
  • A sample of 345 participants completed 24 comprehensive tests measuring visuospatial and verbal STM and WM, inhibition, planning, shifting (EF), Gf, and Gc.

Main Results:

  • Executive functioning (EF) emerged as the primary predictor of fluid intelligence (Gf).
  • Verbal short-term memory (STM) was identified as the main predictor of crystallized intelligence (Gc).
  • Both storage and processing components of WM differentially contributed to predicting Gf and Gc.

Conclusions:

  • Executive functioning and short-term memory are crucial components explaining the relationship between working memory and intelligence.
  • Cognitive constructs like intelligence should be viewed as hierarchical systems with both general and domain-specific mechanisms.