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Mass Analyzers: Common Types

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...

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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps

Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps

Published on: August 17, 2017

Fast and quasideterministic single ion source from a dipole-blockaded atomic ensemble.

C Ates¹, I Lesanovsky, C S Adams

¹School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters

|June 11, 2013

Summary

We developed a quick method to create single ions and electrons from laser-cooled atoms. This process uses a two-step photoexcitation and ionization technique, enabling heralded production of charged particles from atomic ensembles.

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Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps

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Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

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All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

Published on: January 19, 2018

Area of Science:

Atomic Physics
Quantum Optics
Quantum Information Science

Background:

Generating single charged particles (ions and electrons) is crucial for quantum technologies.
Existing methods often struggle with efficiency and scalability, especially from disordered atomic systems.
Controlling Rydberg atom excitation and ionization is key to precise particle generation.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a fast and quasideterministic protocol for single ion and electron production.
To theoretically investigate the dynamics of Rydberg atom excitation and subsequent ionization.
To demonstrate the feasibility of this method even with fluctuating atomic ensembles.

Main Methods:

A two-step process involving photoexcitation of a single Rydberg atom from a dipole-blockade configuration.
Subsequent ionization of the excited Rydberg atom using a tailored electric field pulse.
Theoretical description using dynamical quantum maps to analyze excitation-ionization cycles.

Main Results:

Observed rich ionization dynamics influenced by laser Rabi frequency, pulse duration, and particle number.
Demonstrated fast, sequential, and heralded production of single charged particles.
Showed the protocol's effectiveness even in unstructured and fluctuating atomic ensembles.

Conclusions:

The presented protocol offers a robust method for generating single ions and electrons.
This technique is highly efficient and quasideterministic, suitable for various atomic systems.
The findings pave the way for advanced applications in quantum computing and metrology.