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Related Concept Videos

Residual Stresses01:26

Residual Stresses

Residual stresses reside in a structure even after removing the original stress inducer. This phenomenon often arises from varied plastic deformations across different parts of a structure. Consider a rod stretched beyond its yield point. It will not regain its original length due to permanent deformation. Even after load removal, the rod does not entirely lose stress because of uneven plastic deformations, resulting in residual stresses. The computation of these stresses in structures is...
Residual Stresses in Bending01:18

Residual Stresses in Bending

In the study of elastoplastic members subjected to bending moments, understanding the loading and unloading phases is crucial for assessing material behavior and structural integrity. During the loading phase, as the bending moment increases, the material initially responds elastically, adhering to Hooke's Law, where stress is directly proportional to strain. When the load exceeds the yield strength, plastic deformation occurs, resulting in permanent strain and deformation that remains even...
Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts01:10

Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts

In materials that exhibit elastic and plastic behavior, known as elastoplastic materials, residual stresses can accumulate when these materials experience plastic deformation. This deformation arises from either high levels of shearing stress or significant strains. Residual stresses are internal stresses that persist within a material after removing the external force causing deformation. This phenomenon is demonstrated when observing the behavior of a shaft under torque; notably, the shaft's...
Stress-Strain Diagram - Brittle Materials01:24

Stress-Strain Diagram - Brittle Materials

Brittle materials, including glass, cast iron, and stone, exhibit unique characteristics. They fracture without considerable change in their elongation rate, indicating that their breaking and ultimate strength are equivalent. Such materials also show lower strain levels at the point of rupture. The failure in brittle materials predominantly results from normal stresses, as evidenced by the rupture created along a surface perpendicular to the applied load. These materials do not display...
Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials01:24

Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials

The stress-strain relationship in ductile materials such as structural steel or aluminium is intricate and progresses through several stages. When a specimen is loaded, it initially exhibits a linear length increase, depicted by a steep straight line on the stress-strain diagram. It indicates the material is elastically deforming and will return to its original shape once unloaded. However, when a critical stress value is reached, plastic deformation begins. This stage sees substantial...
Stress Concentrations01:24

Stress Concentrations

Stress concentration is when stress intensifies near discontinuities such as holes or abrupt cross-sectional changes in a structural member. This localized stress can often surpass the average stress within the member. The stress distribution in flat bars, either with a circular hole or varying widths connected by fillets, can be determined experimentally using a photoelastic method. The results are based on ratios of geometric parameters like the ratio of the hole's radius to the smaller width...

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Optimized Sealing Process and Real-Time Monitoring of Glass-to-Metal Seal Structures
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Residual stresses in glasses.

M Ballauff1, J M Brader, S U Egelhaaf

  • 1Soft Matter and Functional Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|June 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigates how colloidal glasses remember their past flow states. Residual stress and relaxation dynamics reveal history dependence, even after flow stops.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Glasses exhibit history dependence, meaning their properties depend on their formation process.
  • Understanding this dependence is crucial for predicting glass behavior under various conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the history dependence of colloidal glasses formed from steady shear flow.
  • To connect macroscopic stress relaxation to microscopic dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular dynamics simulations of colloidal suspensions.
  • Mode-coupling theory for theoretical analysis.
  • Sudden cessation of shear rate (γ̇) as a perturbation.

Main Results:

  • Glasses retain a finite residual stress after shear cessation.
  • Relaxation curves exhibit time-scaling dependent on the initial shear rate (γ̇t) even without flow.
  • Macroscopic stress evolution correlates with microscopic mean-squared displacements and a residual liquefaction length scale.

Conclusions:

  • Colloidal glasses exhibit significant history dependence, retaining memory of prior flow states.
  • The observed phenomena can be described by theories accounting for differing static properties despite identical thermodynamic states.