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Related Concept Videos

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
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Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

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Updated: May 10, 2026

Production and Characterization of Human Macrophages from Pluripotent Stem Cells
08:05

Production and Characterization of Human Macrophages from Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: April 16, 2020

Changes in macrophage phenotype as the immune response evolves.

Julia Lichtnekert1, Takahisa Kawakami, William C Parks

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Current Opinion in Pharmacology
|June 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mononuclear phagocytic cells (MPCs), including macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), are crucial for tissue health and immunity. New research reveals their complex roles and potential as therapeutic targets in human diseases.

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

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08:05

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Bone Marrow-derived Macrophage Production
07:06

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An In vitro Model to Study Heterogeneity of Human Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization
07:42

An In vitro Model to Study Heterogeneity of Human Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization

Published on: June 12, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Mononuclear phagocytic cells (MPCs), encompassing macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), are vital for organ homeostasis, surveillance, and regeneration.
  • Infection or injury triggers significant changes in MPCs, often involving inflammatory monocyte recruitment from bone marrow.
  • Macrophages and DCs play critical roles in innate and adaptive immunity, tissue repair, and inflammation resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the increasing complexity and subtlety of the mononuclear phagocytic system.
  • To highlight the distinct roles of resident MPC populations in disease states.
  • To discuss the translation of new insights into therapeutics for human diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of evidence from mouse models of disease.
  • Analysis of recent studies on MPC composition and function.
  • Examination of emerging therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • The mononuclear phagocytic system exhibits greater complexity than previously understood.
  • Resident MPC populations expand during disease and contribute uniquely to immune responses.
  • Understanding these diverse cells is leading to new therapeutic approaches.

Conclusions:

  • MPCs are essential for immune responses and tissue maintenance.
  • Both recruited and resident MPCs play critical, distinct roles in disease.
  • Targeting these functionally diverse cells holds promise for treating human diseases.