Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Population Growth00:57

Population Growth

Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.
Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation02:36

Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation

Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation02:36

Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation

Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
Osmoregulation in Fishes02:32

Osmoregulation in Fishes

When cells are placed in a hypotonic (low-salt) fluid, they can swell and burst. Meanwhile, cells in a hypertonic solution—with a higher salt concentration—can shrivel and die. How do fish cells avoid these gruesome fates in hypotonic freshwater or hypertonic seawater environments?
Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
A zygote is a...
Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Integrated Genomic and Epigenomic Analysis Reveals Epigenetic Plasticity in Disease Progression and Multidrug Resistance in Multiple Myeloma.

Cancer research·2026
Same author

Cancer Evolvability Determines Therapy Outcomes.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Modeling VEGF and GLUT1 Expression as Coadapted Foraging Strategies in Cancer.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Clinical AI in Radiology: Foundations, Trends, Applications, and Emerging Directions.

Cancers·2026
Same author

Migrastatic therapy as a potential game-changer in adaptive cancer treatment.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Distinct Tumor-Immune Ecologies in Patients with Lung Cancer Predict Progression and Define a Clinical Biomarker of Therapy Response.

Cancer research·2025
Same journal

Compositional and Functional Metabolic Shifts in the Endometrial Microbiota of Cows (<i>Bos taurus</i>) During the Transition Period: A Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Approach.

Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)·2026
Same journal

Insights Into the Characterization and Application of <i>Pseudomonas taetrolens</i>.

Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)·2026
Same journal

Small Helper Ti-plasmid Coexisting With the <i>A281virF</i> Gene Encoding an F-Box-Like Protein Improves the Efficiency of T-DNA Transfer From <i>Agrobacterium</i> Cells to Plant Cells.

Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)·2026
Same journal

AAV9-Mediated Targeting of Defined Neuronal Populations in Spinal Cord Through Intrathecal Injection.

Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)·2026
Same journal

Progress in Bioengineering: An Extensive Examination of State-of-the-Art Innovations in the Development of Artificial Corneas.

Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)·2026
Same journal

Nitrosylcobalamin Selectively Targets Tumors via Cobalamin Uptake and Lysosomal Processing.

Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of Single Cells from Zebrafish Embryos
09:25

Isolation and Characterization of Single Cells from Zebrafish Embryos

Published on: March 12, 2016

Cell development obeys maximum Fisher information.

B Roy Frieden1, Robert A Gatenby

  • 1College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA. roy.frieden@optics.arizona.edu

Frontiers in Bioscience (Elite Edition)
|June 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eukaryotic cell development maximizes messenger protein flux and Fisher information for stable, efficient transport from the cell membrane to DNA targets. This optimized cellular process is crucial for life, maintaining a state far from thermodynamic equilibrium.

More Related Videos

Real Time and Repeated Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Growth in Individual Live Zebrafish Subjected to Altered Electrical Activity
11:41

Real Time and Repeated Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Growth in Individual Live Zebrafish Subjected to Altered Electrical Activity

Published on: June 16, 2022

Observing Mitotic Division and Dynamics in a Live Zebrafish Embryo
10:10

Observing Mitotic Division and Dynamics in a Live Zebrafish Embryo

Published on: July 15, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of Single Cells from Zebrafish Embryos
09:25

Isolation and Characterization of Single Cells from Zebrafish Embryos

Published on: March 12, 2016

Real Time and Repeated Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Growth in Individual Live Zebrafish Subjected to Altered Electrical Activity
11:41

Real Time and Repeated Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Growth in Individual Live Zebrafish Subjected to Altered Electrical Activity

Published on: June 16, 2022

Observing Mitotic Division and Dynamics in a Live Zebrafish Embryo
10:10

Observing Mitotic Division and Dynamics in a Live Zebrafish Embryo

Published on: July 15, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Information Theory

Background:

  • Eukaryotic cells optimize intracellular messenger protein flux for development.
  • This implies maximum Fisher information for angular position relative to nuclear pore complexes (NPCs).
  • Cells are modeled as spheres with defined cell membrane (CM) and nuclear membrane (NM) diameters, containing numerous NPCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the optimization of messenger protein transport within eukaryotic cells.
  • To analyze the role of Fisher information and protein flux in cellular development.
  • To confirm theoretical predictions regarding protein pathway dominance, size, and flux values.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling the cell as a sphere with CM and NM.
  • Analyzing Newtonian trajectories of phosphorylated messenger ligands.
  • Applying principles of Fisher information, Kullback-Liebler entropy, and thermodynamic equilibrium.

Main Results:

  • Maximized mean protein flux (F) and Fisher information (I) at NPCs, with near-zero first and second-order changes in I, indicating stability.
  • Confirmation of predictions: dominance of 1-4 protein pathways, EGFR protein size of 4 nm, and flux F ≈ 10^16 proteins/m^2-s.
  • The entire cell membrane-nuclear pore complex-DNA (CM-NPC-DNA) channel exhibits maximum Fisher information.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized intracellular transport via maximum Fisher information is a key feature of eukaryotic cell development.
  • This maximum information state corresponds to a cell state far from thermodynamic equilibrium, a condition for life.
  • The study validates theoretical models of cellular information processing and transport efficiency.