Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Deindividuation

Deindividuation

Deindividuation is a form of social influence on an individual’s behavior such that the individual engages in unusual or non-normal behavior while in a group setting. Why? Because in these group settings, the individual no longer sees themselves as an individual anymore, disinhibiting their behavior and personal restraint.

Self-Discrepancy Theory

Self-Discrepancy Theory

One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...

Need for Self-Esteem

Need for Self-Esteem

The human need for self-esteem has long intrigued psychologists, leading to the development of several theories that explore its evolutionary and functional significance. Among the most influential are the sociometer, hierometer, and terror management theories. Each offers a unique perspective on why people strive for self-worth and how it shapes behavior and social interaction.Sociometer TheoryAccording to sociometer theory, self-esteem functions as an internal gauge of social acceptance. It...

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.

Strategies of Self-Presentation III: Self-Monitoring

Strategies of Self-Presentation III: Self-Monitoring

Self-monitoring is a central construct in understanding individual differences in self-presentation strategies across social contexts. It refers to how individuals observe, regulate, and control their expressive behavior and self-presentation following situational cues. Self-monitoring reflects a person's sensitivity to social appropriateness and willingness to adapt behavior to fit varying interpersonal demands.High vs. Low Self-Monitoring IndividualsIndividuals high in self-monitoring are...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Emotional distress, guilt and impact on reproductive decision-making in women with BRCA1/2 mutations.

Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland)·2026

Same author

Demoralization in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: results from an exploratory cross-sectional report.

Annals of general psychiatry·2026

Same author

Is There a Relationship Between Movement and Sleep Disturbances in Essential Tremor?

Brain sciences·2026

Same author

A Twin Study on the Relation Between Positive Mental Health and Biological Aging.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Same author

Acceptability of cannabidiol as a treatment for people at clinical high risk for psychosis.

Frontiers in psychiatry·2026

Same author

Psychopathological Concomitants and Motivations Related to Misuse of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Paracetamol.

Human psychopharmacology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design

Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design

Published on: May 31, 2021

[Italian version of Demoralization Scale: a validation study].

Anna Costantini¹, Angelo Picardi, Serena Brunetti

¹UOD Psiconcologia, Ospedale Sant’Andrea, Sapienza Università di Roma. annacostantini@alice.it.

Rivista Di Psichiatria

|June 12, 2013

Summary

The Italian Demoralization Scale (DS) is a reliable and valid tool for assessing demoralization in advanced cancer patients. It helps distinguish demoralization from depression, offering clinical relevance.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design

Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design

Published on: May 31, 2021

Area of Science:

Psychiatry
Oncology
Psychometrics

Background:

Demoralization and depressive symptoms are prevalent in chronic organic diseases.
Assessing these conditions is crucial for patient care in advanced cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the reliability and psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Demoralization Scale (DS).
To assess the scale's utility in patients with advanced cancer.

Main Methods:

The Italian DS was administered to 100 advanced cancer patients.
Concurrent administration of Patient Health Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC), and Karnofsky Performance Status Scale.

Main Results:

The DS demonstrated good stability and internal consistency (α=0.90).
Significant correlations were found between DS scores and BDI, supporting construct validity.
Prevalence estimates indicated significant levels of demoralization in the study sample.

Conclusions:

The Italian DS is a valid and reliable instrument for advanced cancer patients.
The findings support the distinction between demoralization and depression.
The DS holds high clinical relevance for this patient population.