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Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Naïve and Effector CD8 T Cells
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Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns activate γδ T-cells
Martin G Schwacha1, Meenakshi Rani, Qiong Zhang
11Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Innate Immunity
|June 13, 2013
Summary
Mitochondrial danger-associated molecular patterns (MTDs) activate gamma delta T-cells, initiating sterile inflammation. This response, independent of infection, involves increased Toll-like receptor expression and cytokine production, contributing to healing.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Inflammation Research
Background:
- Gamma delta T-cells are crucial in early inflammatory responses to injury.
- Sterile inflammation is linked to danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).
- Mitochondrial DAMPs (MTDs) are known to activate neutrophils but their effect on γδ T-cells is unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if MTDs can activate γδ T-cells.
- To determine the impact of MTDs on γδ T-cell phenotype and cytokine production.
Main Methods:
- Isolation of splenic γδ T-cells from mice lacking αβ T-cells.
- Isolation of MTDs from mouse liver mitochondria.
- Incubation of γδ T-cells with varying MTD concentrations.
- Flow cytometry for Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression analysis.
- Cytokine and growth factor assays on cell supernatants.
Main Results:
- MTDs induced a dose-dependent increase in TLR2 and TLR4 expression on γδ T-cells.
- Both the percentage of TLR-positive cells and the expression levels increased.
- MTDs stimulated the production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, RANTES, FGF-basic, and VEGF by γδ T-cells.
Conclusions:
- MTDs released during tissue injury activate γδ T-cells.
- This activation initiates sterile inflammation.
- Activated γδ T-cells contribute to subsequent healing processes.
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