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Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Naïve and Effector CD8 T Cells
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Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns activate γδ T-cells.

Martin G Schwacha1, Meenakshi Rani, Qiong Zhang

  • 11Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.

Innate Immunity
|June 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondrial danger-associated molecular patterns (MTDs) activate gamma delta T-cells, initiating sterile inflammation. This response, independent of infection, involves increased Toll-like receptor expression and cytokine production, contributing to healing.

Keywords:
AlarminsToll-like receptorsburncytokinestrauma

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Inflammation Research

Background:

  • Gamma delta T-cells are crucial in early inflammatory responses to injury.
  • Sterile inflammation is linked to danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).
  • Mitochondrial DAMPs (MTDs) are known to activate neutrophils but their effect on γδ T-cells is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if MTDs can activate γδ T-cells.
  • To determine the impact of MTDs on γδ T-cell phenotype and cytokine production.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of splenic γδ T-cells from mice lacking αβ T-cells.
  • Isolation of MTDs from mouse liver mitochondria.
  • Incubation of γδ T-cells with varying MTD concentrations.
  • Flow cytometry for Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression analysis.
  • Cytokine and growth factor assays on cell supernatants.

Main Results:

  • MTDs induced a dose-dependent increase in TLR2 and TLR4 expression on γδ T-cells.
  • Both the percentage of TLR-positive cells and the expression levels increased.
  • MTDs stimulated the production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, RANTES, FGF-basic, and VEGF by γδ T-cells.

Conclusions:

  • MTDs released during tissue injury activate γδ T-cells.
  • This activation initiates sterile inflammation.
  • Activated γδ T-cells contribute to subsequent healing processes.